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  At the Origins of Modern Atheism

  Michael J. Buckley S.J.

  The rise of atheism in the modern world is a religious phenomenon unprecedented in history, both in the number of its adherents and in the security of its cultural establishment. How did so revolutionary a conviction as this arise? What can theological reflection learn from this massive shift in religious consciousness?

  In this book, Michael J. Buckley investigates the origins and development of modern atheism and argues convincingly that its impetus lies paradoxically in the very attempts to counter it. Although modern atheism finds its initial exponents in Denis Diderot and Paul d’Holbach in the eighteenth century, their works bring to completion a dialectical process that reaches back to the theologians and philosophers of an earlier period. During the seventeenth century, theologians such as Leonard Lessius and Marin Mersenne determined that in order to defend the existence of god, religious apologetics must become philosophy, surrendering as its primary warrant any intrinsically religious experience or evidence. The most influential philosophers of the period, René Descartes and Isaac Newton, and the theologians who followed them accepted this settlement, and the new sciences were enlisted to provide the foundation for religion.

  Almost no one suspected the profound contradictions that this process entailed and that would eventually resolve themselves through the negation of god. In transferring to other areas of human experience and inquiry its fundamental responsibility to deal with the existence of god, religion dialectically generated its own denial. The origins and extraordinary power of modern atheism lie with this progressive self-alienation of religion itself.

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  Poland's Journalists: Professionalism and Politics

  Jane Curry

  Poland's Journalists: Professionalism and Politics examines the position of journalists and journalism in Poland from the beginning of the country's trauma and revolts in 1948 until the disappointments of Solidarity and its repression by martial law in the 1980s. The author explores journalists' responses--both professionally and politically--to their country's crises, and convincingly argues that they shared common interests and values; that they developed formal and informal organizations and that their self-identification as a professional group is comparable with their journalistic counterparts in the West. This book draws on a variety of published sources, on some 249 interviews with journalists and on surveys. It provides a unique case study of Polish journalists and is a major contribution to the sociological study of professionalism under communism.

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  Saving the Earth: The History of a Middle-Class Millenarian Movement

  Steven M. Gelber and Martin L. Cook

  Research into the phenomenon of "new religious movements" has become a major focus of attention for social scientists over the last twenty years. Sociologists in particular, but also historians and anthropologists, have been attracted to the unique quality of these groups—that of being both inside and outside the dominant culture.^[1] Although, on the one hand, new religions are an expression of social trends and therefore a barometer of cultural values, on the other, by rejecting the established churches they place themselves beyond borders of mainstream society and its values. The emergence of new religions challenges traditional religions and thereby provides scholars with a special opportunity to examine the dynamics of religious belief and practice. So many new movements have emerged that scholarship about them has resulted in a body of work daunting in size and scope.^[2]

  Since new religious groups generally either do not keep archives or have been unwilling to make the papers they do have available to scholars, virtually all students of contemporary religious movements have been forced to obtain their data from interviews and/or participant-observation. These studies are, therefore, necessarily limited in their longitudinal analysis both of the leaders' lives and of the history of the movements. Confined to a several-year period at most, they tend to ignore change over time in favor of a detailed synchronic analysis of the groups as they exist during the period of field investigation.^[3] As a result, the new religions are frequently perceived as static entities whose various qualities allow them to be fit into specific categories such as church or sect, charismatic or democratic, eastern or western, and so forth. As useful as such ahistorical categorization may be, it obscures the fact that religions are dynamic institutions that evolve over time in response to changes both in their external environment and in their internal relations. Due to our access to an unprecedented amount of historical documentation, this study can attempt to break through this fixed view of religious movements. We will specifically show how the complex mix of personalities, institutional needs, and social conditions interacted across time to move a religious group through several standard categories.

  Much of this book is the story of the group's husband and wife leaders, especially the wife, Emilia Rathbun, who had all the qualities of a charismatic leader, yet refused to become a guru or prophet. At the same time, this book is also the study of a group of people who dramatically belie the facile assumption that new religious groups appeal to marginal people suffering from some sort of relative deprivation. Members of Creative Initiative were the epitome of successful mainstream Americans. Ethnically, financially, educationally, and socially, they would seem to have been the least likely of people to deviate from the religious norm, and in some very profound ways they did not. Although on the surface Creative Initiative appears to have been a major departure from mainline religion, in fact it was in some ways also a continuation and even a rejuvenation of traditional American religious values.
  

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  Technology and Investment: The Prewar Japanese Chemical Industry

  Barbara Molony

  The chemical industry was Japan's first "high-tech" industry, and its companies the most important examples of a noteworthy business structure in the prewar period, the so-called "new zaibatsu."

  Molony deals with one branch of the chemical industry--electrochemicals--with shorter descriptions of related branches. At the hear of the book is the story of Noguchi Jun, founder of Japan Nitrogenous Fertilizers (Nippon Chisso Hiryō) and one of Japan's best known twentieth-century entrepreneurs. Noguchi's firm developed from a fertilizer company to a multifaceted company producing a wide range of technologically sophisticated products while he forged ties with civilian and military leaders in Japan and Korea who controlled access to capital and to the hydroelectricity needed for chemical manufacture. The book also treats the second and third waves of investment and electrochemicals during the 1920s and 1930s.

  This study analyzes the nature of prewar Japanese entrepreneurship, the links between technology and investment, the emergence of a class of scientific managers, and the relationship of business strategy to imperialism in the years leading up to World War II.

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  Amorphous and Crystalline Silicon Carbide and Related Materials

  Gary L. Harris and Cary Y. Yang

  Although silicon carbide has been used for more than half a century, its potential as a high-temperature, corrosion-resistant semiconductor has only recently begun to be exploited. Both crystalline and amorphous forms of SiC offer several advantages over Si, GaAs, and InP for high-frequency, high-power, and high-speed circuits. This volume contains reports on high-temperature SiC MOSFETs and MESFETs, secondary harmonic generation in SiC, a-SiC emitter heterojunction bipolar transistors, and bulk crystal growth of 6H-SiC. For newcomers to the field it provides an up-to-date review of technological developments in SiC and related materials, while specialists will find here recent references and new insights into materials for high-temperature, high-power, and high-speed circuit applications.

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  Amorphous and Crystalline Silicon Carbide II

  Mahmud M. Rahman, Cary Y. Yang, and Gary L. Harris

  This volume contains written versions of the papers presented at the Second Inter­ national Conference on Amorphous and Crystalline Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICACSC 1988), which was held at Santa Clara University on Decem­ ber 15 and 16, 1988. The conference followed the First ICACSC held at Howard University, Washington DC, in December 1987 and continued to provide an in­ ternational forum for discussion and exchange of ideas and results covering the current status of research on SiC and related materials. ICACSC 1988 attracted 105 participants from five countries. The substantial increase in the number of papers compared with the previous year is an indication of the growing interest in this field. Of the 45 papers presented at the conference, 36 refereed manuscripts are included in this volume, while the remaining 9 appear as abstracts. The six invited papers provide detailed reviews of recent results on amorphous and crystalline silicon carbide materials and devices, as well as diamond thin films. The volume is divided into six parts, each covering an important theme of the conference.

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  Christian Communication: A Bibliographical Survey

  Paul A. Soukup

  The rise of the fundamental religious broadcasters in the United States has triggered an intense popular interest in mediated Christianity and prompted the traditional churches to reexamine their own policies toward mass communication. The ensuing dramatic increase in the number of studies on the subject has prompted a corresponding need for a comprehensive index of valuable materials. Christian Communication is the first wide-ranging annotated bibliography of available books, articles, theses, and dissertations in English, French, German, Spanish, and Italian that deals with all forms and aspects of Christian communication, even comic books and the computer. The bibliographies for this collection were drawn from several sources including the Library of Congress; several important computerized databases; manual searches of such institutions as the Billy Graham Center and the Graduate Theological Union, among others; and references in dissertations. Most importantly, only accessible items which could be checked and reviewed by Soukup and his research staff have been included here.

  The volume is arranged to maximize ease of access and use and is based on the general academic division of communication studies. The first chapter contains an introduction, cross-referenced to the bibliographies, that reviews the history of church communication, the major issues that characterize it, and suggests possibilities for future study. Next, a resource chapter lists periodicals which address specific areas of religious communication or frequently published articles of interest; cites bibliographic guides to the material and surveys directories of both personnel working in the field of Christian communication and of catalogs of relevant materials. The following seven chapters contain the major bibliographical sections that review communication theory, history, rhetoric, interpersonal communication, mass communication, intercultural communication, and other media. The volume closes with helpful name, title, and subject indexes that make this guide thoroughly user-friendly and an important research tool for church communicators, theological students, and communications scholars working in philosophical or qualitative areas.

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  Religious Resurgence: Contemporary Cases in Islam, Christianity, and Judaism

  Mary E. Hegland

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  Marx’ Method, Epistemology, and Humanism: A Study in the Development of His Thought

  Philip J. Kain

  In recent writings on Marx one finds an increasing interest in his humanism. This phenomenon began in the third decade of our century as a reaction against the mechanistic and stereotyped image of Marx 1 characteristic of the Second International and of Stalinism. Lukacs, in History and Class Consciousness (1923), was one of the first to discover this new Marx, and he did so even before the most important 2 of the humanistic writings of the young Marx had been discovered. With the publication ofthese writings in 1932 - namely, the Economic 3 and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 - this new outlook was given enormous impetus. In these Manuscripts, Marx makes the human being the creator and the goal of alI reality. The objectification of the human essence through labor transforms both society and nature. Labor transforms its wor1d into a place which mirrors, unfolds, and confirms the human being. This humanism is a complex and many-faceted issue. In this book we will be concerned only with a certain part of it, i.e., the epistemology, method, and doctrine of nature which it involves. Other aspects of it - Marx' concept of alienation and his theory of labor and the state -have 4 been dealt with elsewhere.

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  New Wineskins: Re-Imagining Religious Life Today

  Sandra M. Schneiders

  NEW WINESKINS draws the biblical, historical, theological, psychological, and experiential foundations of religious life into a remarkably new synthesis that is eminently credible, creative and challenging. Its contribution toward understanding the emergence of differing theologies of religious life is clear and compelling. With great clarity and precision, Sandra Schneiders provides us with the interaction of description, interpretation, and evaluation of the development of religious life over the past 20 years, particularly among women in the US.

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  Women and the Word: The Gender of God in the New Testament and the Spirituality of Women.

  Sandra M. Schneiders

  Suggestions for resolving the problem of an exclusively male God-image that are both faithful to the tradition and liberating for women.

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  Vigilantes in Gold Rush San Francisco

  Robert M. Senkewicz

  A new interpretation of the San Francisco Vigilance Committee of 1856 which enrolled more than 6000 members. They hanged four men and caused scores of others to leave the city. Includes bibliographic essay on how the city's vigilantism has been treated by historians over the preceding century.

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  Facing Two Ways: The Story of My Life

  Ishimoto Shidzue and Barbara Molony

  The life story of Japan's leading advocate of birth control, and one of her leading feminists. Well known in this country through her extensive lecture tour several years ago. It is a rather tragic story. First a girlhood, in a conventional high class family. Then her marriage to a modern foreign-schooled Japanese, who insisted on her learning to make her own way. And then -- when she had followed in the path he made, and tried her wings, he becomes a reactionary, and refuses to treat her as an equal, or to accept her departure from the traditional. A very interesting picture of Japan in the threes of discarding and taking on, of the coming of suffrage, of the development of women's rights, and of the background of culture and tradition and tabus. Your market is a woman's market -- those who liked the Sugimoto to books -- those interested in various phases of the feminist movement.

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  How to Read the Bible Prayerfully

  Sandra M. Schneiders

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  The Black Book of Polish Censorship

  Jane Curry

  Insights into Poland's political struggles under Communist domination.

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  Yves Thériault et l'institution littéraire québécoise

  Helene Lafrance

  Le nom d’Yves Thériault évoque immanquablement le romancier des minorités, l’auteur d’Agaguk, d’Aaron et d’Ashini. On oublie facilement que Thériault était aussi un romancier « populaire », un scripteur radiophonique prolifique et, par-dessus tout, un homme pour qui l’écriture était d’abord un métier et qui a tenté d’améliorer les conditions de production de la littérature québécoise. L’analyse de sa situation dans l’institution et de ses rapports souvent conflictuels avec cette dernière permet de mettre en évidence certains aspects moins connus de sa carrière et d’éclairer d’un jour nouveau sa production littéraire et populaire.

  Yves Theriault is mostly known as the author of Aaron, Ashini and Agaguk, novels depicting the life of three minority groups (the Jewish community in Montreal, the Montagnais Indians and the Inuits). In fact, he was a prolific writer who published numerous other novels, essays, short stories, and children’s books. To earn a living, he also led a parallel career as a popular writer, producing hundreds of dramas and sketches for the radio and publishing dime novels anonymously. A self-taught writer without a formal education, he always had a very tense relationship with the Quebec literary circles and academia. The critics were suspicious of his productivity and his recognition as a major Canadian writer was delayed accordingly. This study first looks at the relationship between the author and the literary establishment from 1940 to 1980. Then it analyzes how Theriault uses the same material in his literary and popular works, transforming and adapting it for different audiences and mediums.

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  Communication and theology: Introduction and review of the literature

  Paul A. Soukup

  Published by The World Association for Christian Communications in cooperation with the Centre for the Study of Communications and Culture

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  Dissent in Eastern Europe

  Jane Curry

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  Press Control Around the World

  Jane Curry and Joan R. Dassin

  This volume in ten different studies systematically examines and compares the development of censorship systems around the world.

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  Schiller, Hegel, and Marx: State, Society, and the Aesthetic Ideal of Ancient Greece (McGill-Queen's Studies in the History of Ideas)

  Philip J. Kain

  All three believed that the modern world could be remade according to this model, though none succeeded in his endeavor. At times Schiller seemed to recognize the failure of the model; in his mature writing Hegel dropped the model; and Marx, as he grew older, fundamentally modified the model. Nevertheless, focusing upong their attempts and failures allows an explanation of certain aspects of one of the fundamental concerns of current Marx studies: Marx's humanism and the relationship between his earlier and later thought. Using this approach, Kain shows that Marx's development cannot be divided into two neat periods - an early humanistic or philosophical period and a later scientific period - as some scholars argue, nor can one argue for an essential unity to his thought as other scholars do. Instead Kain finds Marx continually shifting his views in his attempt to come to grips with the issues that concern him. But Kain also finds a deep-seated humanism in Marx's later writings which grows out of, but differs from, the humanism of his early work.

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  The Johannine resurrection narrative: An exegetical and theological study of John 20 as a synthesis of Johannine spirituality

  Sandra M. Schneiders

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  Proceedings of the Tokyo Symposium on Women

  Barbara Molony and Merry I. White

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  Spiritual direction: Reflections on a contemporary ministry

  Sandra M. Schneiders

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  New Deal Art: California

  Steven M. Gelber, Lydia Modi Vitale, and de Saisset Art Gallery and Museum

  Traditionally, the years of the New Deal projects have been treated as a part of the "Depression experience" with an emphasis on their economic and social dimensions. Until recently, sporadic interest in the art of the period has usually focused on individual artists, not general movements in the art of the time. This has been particularly true in the western states.

  The purpose of the New Deal Art: California exhibition was to create an overview of the New Deal art projects by bringing together examples of art from the federal art programs in California.

  New Deal Art: California came about as the result of a chance remark made, by Dr. Francis V. O'Connor, Art Historical Consultant, on his first trip to the de Saisset Art Gallery and Museum in 1971. The original exploratory research he did revealed a wealth of information about California's contribution to the Works Progress Administration's Federal Art Project and the Treasury Programs.

  Dr. O'Connor's initial work helped provide the foundation for two years of subsequent research into the historical and aesthetic climate that gave birth to New ,Deal Art in California. The results of our explorations, in both quantity and quality of resources, has far exceeded our original expectations.

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  Women in Antiquity: An Annotated Bibliography

  Leanna Goodwater

  An extensive annotated bibliography of materials about the historical women of antiquity from the earliest records to 476 C.E., it covers ancient Greece, the Minoans, Etruscans, Hellenistic kingdoms, Rome, and the provinces of the Roman Empire.

  Biographies of individual women constitute a considerable portion of the works listed. Ancient works are included, listed both in the original language and in translation. Modern works are covered as well -- books and journal articles published since 1872 dealing with the social, political, legal, and literary achievements and treatment of women in antiquity. English language materials receive comprehensive treatment, with selective coverage of foreign language works (Greek, Latin, French, German, and Italian). Ancient sources are listed first, followed by modern sources, in a simple subject arrangement. The bibliography is augmented by two indexes. The first, a unique and distinguishing feature of the work, lists by name many of the important women of antiquity, with their dates, brief identification, and references to numbered entries in the bibliography. The second is an index to authors, editors, and translators.

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  Black Men and Businessmen: The Growing Awareness of a Social Responsibility

  Steven M. Gelber

  A study of changes in American business attitudes concerning the recruitment of blacks since World War II relates black employment problems to the businessman's concept of his role in society.

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  Motion and Motion's God: Thematic Variations in Aristotle, Cicero, Newton, and Hegel

  Michael J. Buckley S.J.

  The existence of God as demonstrated from motion has preoccupied men in every age, and still stands as one of the critical questions of philosophic inquiry. The four thinkers Father Buckley discusses were selected because their methods of reasoning exhibit sharp contrasts when they are juxtaposed.